Journal of Economic Literature
Classification System for Journal Articles
Subject areas within the scope of
Finance and Stochastics
are marked with a 
.
- A General Economics and Teaching
- A0 General
- A1 General Economics
- A10 General
- A11 Role of Economics; Role of Economists
- A12 Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
- A13 Relation of Economics to Social Values
- A14 Sociology of Economics
- A19 Other
- A2 Teaching of Economics
- A20 General
- A21 Pre-college
- A22 Undergraduate
- A23 Graduate
- A29 Other
- B Methodology and History of Economic Thought
- C Mathematical and Quantitative Methods
- D Microeconomics
- D0 General
- D1 Household Behavior and Family Economics
- D10 General
- D11 Consumer Economics: Theory
- D12 Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
- D13 Household Production
- D18 Consumer Protection
- D19 Other
- D2 Production and Organizations
- D20 General
- D21 Firm Behavior
- D23 Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights
- D24 Production; Capital and Total Factor Productivity; Capacity
- D29 Other
- D3 Distribution
- D30 General
- D31 Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
- D33 Factor Income Distribution
- D39 Other
- D4 Market Structure and Pricing
- D40 General
- D41 Perfect Competition
- D42 Monopoly
- D43 Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
- D44 Auctions
- D45 Rationing; Licensing
- D46 Value Theory
- D49 Other
- D5 General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium
- D50 General
- D51 Exchange and Production Economies
- D52 Incomplete Markets
- D57 Input-Output Analysis
- D58 Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models
- D59 Other
- D6 Economic Welfare
- D60 General
- D61 Allocative Efficiency; Cost-Benefit Analysis
- D62 Externalities
- D63 Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
- D64 Altruism
- D69 Other
- D7 Analysis of Collective Decision-Making
- D70 General
- D71 Social Choice; Clubs; Committees
- D72 Economic Models of Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
- D73 Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations
- D74 Conflict; Conflict Resolution
- D78 Positive Analysis of Policy-Making and Implementation
- D79 Other
- D8 Information and Uncertainty
- D80 General
- D81 Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
- D82 Asymmetric and Private Information
- D83 Search, Learning, and Information
- D84 Expectations; Speculations
- D89 Other
- D9 Intertemporal Choice and Growth
- D90 General
- D91 Intertemporal Consumer Choice; Life Cycle Models and Saving
- D92 Intertemporal Firm Choice and Growth, Investment, or Financing
- D99 Other
- E Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics
- E0 General
- E1 General Aggregative Models
- E10 General
- E11 Marxian; Sraffian
- E12 Kevnes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian
- E13 Neoclassical
- E17 Forecasting and Simulation
- E19 Other
- E2 Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment
- E24 Employment; Unemployment; Wages
- E25 Aggregate Factor Income Distribution
- E20 General
- E21 Consumption; Saving
- E22 Capital; Investment (including Inventories); Capacity
- E23 Production
- E27 Forecasting and Simulation Capacity
- E29 Other
- E3 Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles
- E30 General
- E31 Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
- E32 Business Fluctuations; Cycles
- E37 Forecasting and Simulation
- E39 Other
- E4 Money and Interest Rates
- E40 General
- E41 Demand for Money
- E42 Monetary Standards and Regimes; Government and the Monetary System
- E43 Determination of Interest Rates; Term Structure of Interest Rates
- E44 Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
- E47 Forecasting and Simulation
- E49 Other
- E5 Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
- E50 General
- E51 Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
- E52 Monetary Policy (Targets, Instruments, and Effects)
- E58 Central Banks and Their Policies
- E59 Other
- E6 Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, Macroeconomic Policy, and General Outlook
- E60 General
- E61 Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination
- E62 Fiscal Policy; Public Expenditures, Investment, and Finance; Taxation
- E63 Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary or Stabilization Policy
- E64 Incomes Policy; Price Policy
- E65 Studies of Particular Policy Episodes
- E66 General Outlook and Conditions
- E69 Other
- F International Economics
- F0 General
- F00 General
- F01 Global Outlook
- F02 International Economic Order; Economic Integration: General
- F1 Trade
- F10 General
- F11 Neoclassical Models of Trade
- F12 Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition
- F13 Commercial Policy; Protection; Promotion; Trade Negotiations
- F14 Country and Industry Studies of Trade
- F15 Economic Integration
- F17 Trade Forecasting and Simulation and Scale Economies
- F19 Other
- F2 International Factor Movements and International Business
- F20 General
- F21 International Investment; Long-term Capital Movements
- F22 International Migration
- F23 Multinational Firms; International Business
- F29 Other
- F3 International Finance
- F30 General
- F31 Foreign Exchange
- F32 Current Account Adjustment; Short-term Capital Movements
- F33 International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
- F34 International Lending and Debt Problems
- F35 Foreign Aid
- F36 Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
- F39 Other
- F4 Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance
- F40 General
- F41 Open Economy Macroeconomics
- F42 International Policy Coordination
- F43 Economic Growth of Open Economies
- F47 Forecasting and Simulation
- F49 Other
- G Financial Economics
- G0 General
- G1 General Financial Markets
- G10 General
- G11 Portfolio Choice
- G12 Asset Pricing
- G13 Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing
- G14 Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies
- G15 International Financial Markets
- G18 Government Policy and Regulation
- G19 Other
- G2 Financial Institutions and Services
- G20 General
- G21 Banks, Other Depository Institutions; Mortgages
- G22 Insurance; Insurance Companies
- G23 Pension Funds; Other Private Financial Institutions
- G24 Investment Banking
- G28 Government Policy and Regulation
- G29 Other
- G3 Corporate Finance and Governance
- G30 General
- G31 Capital Budgeting; Investment Policy
- G32 Financing Policy; Capital and Ownership Structure
- G33 Bankruptcy; Liquidation
- G34 Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Voting; Proxy Contests
- G35 Payout Policy
- G38 Government Policy and Regulation
- G39 Other
- H Public Economics
- I Health, Education, and Welfare
- I0 General
- I1 Health
- I10 General
- I11 Analysis of Health Care Markets
- I12 Health Production: Nutrition, Mortality, Morbidity, Disability, and Economic Behavior
- I18 Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
- I19 Other
- I2 Education
- I20 General
- I21 Analysis of Education
- I22 Educational Finance
- I28 Government Policy
- I29 Other
- I3 Welfare and Poverty
- I30 General
- I31 General Welfare; Basic Needs; Quality of Life
- I32 Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
- I38 Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
- I39 Other
- J Labor and Demographic Economics
- J0 General
- J1 Demographic Economics
- J10 General
- J11 Demographic Trends and Forecasts
- J12 Marriage; Marital Dissolution
- J13 Fertility; Child Care; Children
- J14 Economics of the Elderly
- J15 Economics of Minorities
- J16 Economics of Gender
- J17 Value of Life; Foregone Income
- J18 Public Policy
- J19 Other
- J2 Time Allocation, Work Behavior, and Employment Determination
- J20 General
- J21 Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
- J22 Time Allocation and Labor Supply
- J23 Employment Determination; Demand for Labor
- J24 Human Capital Formation; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
- J26 Retirement; Retirement Policies
- J28 Safety; Accidents; Industrial Health; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy
- J29 Other
- J3 Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
- J30 General
- J31 Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials by Skill, Training, Occupation, etc.
- J32 Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits
- J33 Compensation Packages; Payment Methods
- J38 Public Policy
- J39 Other
- J4 Particular Labor Markets
- J40 General
- J41 Contracts: Specific Human Capital, Matching Models, Efficiency Wage Models, and Internal Labor Markets
- J42 Monopsony; Segmented Labor Markets
- J43 Agricultural Labor Markets
- J44 Professional Labor Markets and Occupations
- J45 Public Sector Labor Markets
- J49 Other
- J5 Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining
- J50 General
- J53 Labor-Management Relations; Industrial Jurisprudence
- J51 Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects
- J52 Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and
- J54 Producer Cooperatives; Labor Managed Firms
- J58 Public Policy Mediation
- J59 Other
- J6 Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies
- J60 General
- J61 Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
- J62 Occupational and Intergenerational Mobility
- J63 Turnover; Vacancies
- J64 Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
- J65 Unemployment Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings
- J68 Public Policy
- J69 Other
- J7 Discrimination
- J70 General
- J71 Discrimination
- J78 Public Policy
- J79 Other
- K Law and Economics
- L Industrial Organization
- L0 General
- L1 Market Structure, Firrn Strategy, and Market Performance
- L10 General
- L11 Production and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms
- L12 Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies
- L13 Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
- L14 Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation
- L15 Information and Product Quality
- L16 Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics
- L19 Other
- L2 Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior
- L20 General
- L21 Business Objectives of the Firm
- L22 Firm Organization and Market Structure: Markets vs. Hierarchies; Vertical Integration
- L23 Organization of Production
- L29 Other
- L3 Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise
- L30 General
- L31 Nonprofit Institutions
- L32 Public Enterprises
- L33 Boundaries of Public and Private Enterprise; Privatization; Contracting Out
- L39 Other
- L4 Antitrust Policy
- L40 General
- L41 Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices
- L42 Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts
- L43 Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation
- L44 Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprise, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional Organizations
- L49 Other
- L5 Regulation and Industrial Policy
- L50 General
- L51 Economics of Regulation
- L52 Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods
- L59 Other
- L6 Industry Studies: Manufacturing
- L60 General
- L61 Metals and Metal Products; Cement; Glass; Ceramics
- L62 Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment
- L63 Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment
- L64 Other Machinery; Business Equipment
- L65 Chemicals; Drugs
- L66 Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco
- L67 Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather
- L68 Appliances; Other Consumer Durables
- L69 Other
- L7 Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction
- L70 General
- L71 Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
- L72 Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources
- L73 Forest Products: Lumber and Paper
- L74 Construction
- L79 Other
- L8 Industry Studies: Services
- L80 General
- L81 Retail and Wholesale Trade
- L82 Entertainment; Media (Performing Arts, Visual Arts, Broadcasting, Publishing, etc.)
- L83 Sports; Gambling; Recreation; Tourism
- L84 Personal and Professional Services
- L85 Real Estate Services
- L86 Information Services; Computer Software
- L89 Other
- L9 Industry Studies: Utilities and Transportation
- L90 General
- L91 Transportation: General
- L92 Railroads and Other Surface Transportation: Autos, Buses, Trucks, and Water Carriers
- L93 Air Transportation
- L94 Electric Utilities
- L95 Gas Utilities; Pipelines; Water Utilities
- L96 Telecommunications
- L98 Government Policy
- L99 Other
- M Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting
- N Economic History
- N0 General
- N00 General
- N01 Development of the Discipline: Historiographical; Sources and Methods
- N1 Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations
- N10 General, International, or Comparative
- N11 U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- N12 U.S.; Canada: 1913-71
- N13 Europe: Pre-1913
- N14 Europe: 1913-71
- N15 Asia including Middle East
- N16 Latin America; Caribbean
- N17 Africa; Oceania
- N2 Financial Markets and Institutions
- N20 General, International, or Comparative
- N21 U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- N22 U.S.; Canada: 1913-71
- N23 Europe: Pre-1913
- N24 Europe: 1913-71
- N25 Asia including Middle East
- N26 Latin America; Caribbean
- N27 Africa; Oceania
- N3 Labor, Demography, Education, Income, and Wealth
- N30 General, International, or Comparative
- N31 U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- N32 U.S.; Canada: 1913-71
- N33 Europe: Pre-1913
- N34 Europe: 1913-71
- N35 Asia including Middle East
- N36 Latin America; Caribbean
- N37 Africa: Oceania
- N4 Government, Law, and Regulation
- N40 General, International, or Comparative
- N41 U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- N42 U.S.; Canada: 1913-71
- N43 Europe: Pre-1913
- N44 Europe: 1913-71
- N45 Asia including Middle East
- N46 Latin America; Caribbean
- N47 Africa: Oceania
- N5 Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Extractive Industries
- N50 General, International, or Comparative
- N51 U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- N52 U.S.; Canada: 1913-71
- N53 Europe: Pre-1913
- N54 Europe: 1913-71
- N55 Asia including Middle East
- N56 Latin America; Caribbean
- N57 Africa; Oceania
- N6 Manufacturing and Construction
- N60 General, International, or Comparative
- N61 U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- N62 U.S.; Canada: 1913-71
- N63 Europe: Pre-1913
- N64 Europe: 1913-71
- N65 Asia including Middle East
- N66 Latin America; Caribbean
- N67 Africa: Oceania
- N7 Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, and Other Services
- N70 General, International, or Comparative
- N71 U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- N72 U.S.; Canada: 1913-71
- N73 Europe: Pre-1913
- N74 Europe: 1913-71
- N75 Asia including Middle East
- N76 Latin America; Caribbean
- N77 Africa; Oceania
- O Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth
- O0 General
- O1 Economic Development
- O10 General
- O11 Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
- O12 Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
- O13 Agriculture; Natural Resources; Other Primary Products
- O14 Tndllstrialization: Choice of Technology
- O15 Human Resources; Income Distribution; Migration
- O16 Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment
- O17 Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
- O18 Regional, Urban, and Rural Analyses
- O19 International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations
- O2 Development Planning and Policy
- O20 General
- O21 Planning Models; Planning Policy
- O22 Project Analysis
- O23 Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development
- O29 Other
- O3 Technological Change
- O30 General
- O31 Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
- O32 Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
- O33 Technological Change: Choices and Consequences
- O34 Intellectual Property Rights: National and International Issues
- O38 Government Policy
- O39 Other
- O4 Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
- O40 General
- O41 One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
- O42 Monetary Growth Models
- O47 Measurement of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity
- O49 Other
- O5 Economywide Country Studies
- O50 General
- O51 U.S.; Canada
- O52 Europe
- O53 Asia including Middle East
- O54 Latin America; Caribbean
- O55 Africa
- O56 Oceania
- O57 Comparative Studies of Countries
- P Economic Systems
- P0 General
- P1 Capitalist Systems
- P10 General
- P11 Planning, Coordination, and Reform
- P12 Capitalist Enterprises
- P13 Cooperative Enterprises
- P16 Political Economy of Capitalism
- P17 Performance and Prospects
- P19 Other
- P2 Socialist Systems
- P20 General
- P21 Planning, Coordination, and Reform
- P22 Prices
- P23 Markets
- P24 Income Measurement and Growth
- P26 Political Economy of Socialism
- P27 Performance and Prospects
- P29 Other
- P3 Socialist Institutions
- P30 General
- P31 Socialist Enterprises
- P32 Collectives; Communes
- P33 Foreign Trade and Investment
- P34 Finance
- P35 Public Finance
- P39 Other
- P4 Other Economic Systems
- P40 General
- P41 Planning, Coordination, and Reform
- P42 Productive Enterprises
- P43 Finance
- P47 Performance and Prospects
- P49 Other
- P5 Comparative Economic Systems
- P50 General
- P51 Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
- P52 Comparative Studies of Particular Economies
- P59 Other
- Q Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics
- Q0 General
- Q1 Agriculture
- Q10 General
- Q11 Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices
- Q12 Mjcro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
- Q15 Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation
- Q16 R&D; Agricultural Technology; Agricultural Extension Services
- Q17 Agriculture in International Trade
- Q13 Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness
- Q18 Agricultural Policy; Food Policy
- Q14 Agricultural Finance
- Q19 Other
- Q2 Renewable Resources and Conservation; Environmental Management
- Q20 General
- Q21 Demand and Supply
- Q22 Fishery
- Q23 Forestry
- Q24 Land
- Q25 Water; Air
- Q26 Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources
- Q28 Government Policy
- Q29 Other
- Q3 Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation
- Q30 General
- Q31 Demand and Supply
- Q32 Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
- Q33 Resource Booms
- Q38 Government Policy
- Q39 Other
- Q4 Energy
- Q40 General
- Q41 Demand and Supply
- Q42 Alternative Energy Sources
- Q43 Energy and the Macroeconomy
- Q48 Government Policy
- Q49 Other
- R Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics
- R0 General
- R1 General Spatial Economics
- R10 General
- R11 Analysis of Growth, Development, and Changes
- R12 Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity
- R13 General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies
- R14 Land Use Patterns
- R15 Econometric and Input-Output Models
- R19 Other
- R2 Household Analysis
- R20 General
- R21 Housing Demand
- R22 Other Demand
- R23 Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets and Population
- R29 Other
- R3 Production Analysis and Firm Location
- R30 General
- R31 Housing Supply and Markets
- R32 Other Production and Pricing Analysis
- R33 Nonagricultural Land Pricing
- R34 Input Demand Analysis
- R38 Government Policies; Regulatory Policies
- R39 Other
- R4 Transportation Systems
- R40 General
- R41 Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion
- R42 Government and Private Investment Analysis
- R48 Government Pricing; Regulatory Policies
- R49 Other
- R5 Regional Government Analysis
- R50 General
- R51 Finance in Urban and Rural Economies
- R52 Land Use and Other Regulations
- R53 Public Facility Location Analysis
- R58 Regional Development Policy
- R59 Other
- Z Other Special Topics
Last update
26.06.2006
St.Neidhardt